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Things are much vaguer here than in the other examples, with indefinite shapes, and shades of gray.
Quadrupole convolution works exactly right on the dark lines, and exactly wrong on the white lines.
The reason is that, in all these examples, black is interpreted as a value of 1,
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and white as 0.
This means that black is considered to be “figure”, and white to be “ground”.
When we speak of “white lines against a dark background”, this convention is reversed.
This reverses the sign of the linearity everywhere, which rotates the plotted values by 90°.
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