Throughout the valley, in some cases right up to the boundary of Podocarpus Park, the landscape has been massively altered by human activity. Human-induced change began with pre-Inca settlement, but has greatly increased in recent decades.

While the valley is still an appealing environment, the changes have generally reduced biodiversity (the variety and abundance of plant and animal species) and weakened natural systems. This is not because of willful destruction. It results from people’s efforts to make ends meet and to improve their material well-being. It is also important to recognize that many local people understand the valley’s environment well, and have a strong sense of connection to it. Over time, perhaps, improved land-use, and increased opportunities in sectors other than agriculture, will help to relieve some of the current pressures on the land.

Subsections
Historic Influences
Current Conditions
Environmental Impacts
Other Opportunities
The Regional Context